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阅读理解每天一练(13)
http://www.OKhere.net 你来我网-考研社区　2002年12月2日0:0

Passage 13
A patent is an exclusive right given to an inventor for his or her invention.In other words,a patent is a monopoly right given to the inventor for the invention.A patent confers on the inventor the right to price and to sell the invention in any way he or she desires.In the UnitedStates,patents are granted by the Patent Office for 17 years.Although economists generally condemn monopoly as a form of market organization since monopoly imposes costs on the economy, patents present a more subtle case for monopoly theory.Specifically,can patent monopolies be justified?
In general,economists complain about the costs of monopoly because they believe that the same industry could be organized competitively.A patent monopoly grant for 17 years presents a different problem.That is,the purpose of the patent system is to encourage invention.The issue is not monopoly versus competition but,more fundamentally,invention versus no invention.Is the world better off with the invention,even though it is monopolized for 17 years? In other wo rds,what are the costs and benefits of a patent? Consider the simple case of a new consumer product with a positive demand, such as a camera utilizing a new exposure process.The costs of the patent monopoly are simply the deadweight costs of monopoly measured by the lost consumers surplus from the 17year patent monopoly.This cost must be assessed carefully in the context of an invention,however. What are the benefits of the patent system? First,there is the increase in consumer wellbeing brought about immediately by a desirable invention.In 17
years,the patent monopoly ends,and a second source of benefits arises: The price of cameras will fall to a competitive level,and consumers will reap the benefits of the camera at a lower price.In sum,theory of monopoly helps us to assess the costs and benefits of the patent. One can quibble about patent monopolies,arguing,for example,that they are granted for too long a time.In the end,the patent system creates goods and services and technologies that did not previously exist.In this respect it is a valuable system for the economy.The patent system also underscores the importance of property rights to ideas as a source of economic growth and progress.

1.The first paragraph mainly　　 .
A) focuses on business monopoly
B) tells us about the patent system in America
C) discusses a special form of market organization
D) defines what is a patent
2.The second paragraph suggests strongly .
A) the contradictory nature of the patent system
B) the importance of the patent system
C) the benefits of the patent system
D) the monopoly of the patent system
3.The costs of the patent monopoly .
A) are measured by how much the consumers have lost in 17 years
B) are measured by what the consumers have lost in 17 years
C) can be determined by the lost consumers surplus from the 17 year pat ent monopoly
D) should be determined in the context of an invention
4.What benefit can the patent system offer when the patent expires?
A) An increase in consumer wellbeing.
B) A reduced price for consumers.
C) Higher productivity.
D) The promotion of a desirable invention.
5.The patent system is valuable for the economy in that .
A) it creates goods and services and technologies that did not exist previously
B) it gives an incentive to the inventor to publicize his research findings
C) it highlights the importance of property rights to ideas
D) it is a source of economic growth and progress
答案：
Passage 13
1.D
本题是主旨题。文章第一段前三个句子是本段的中心——专利。作者开门见山介绍了
什么叫专利，并谈及有关美国专利保护的年限。故正确答案为D。

2.A
本题是推断题。专利的目的是鼓励发明创造，但专利本身又形成了一种垄断，对经济
带来不良的影响。这便是专利制度的矛盾所在。因此正确答案应为A。

3.C
本题是细节题。文章第三段有…measured by the lost consumers surplus from
the 17year patent monopoly…，故正确答案为C。选项D的错误在于混淆了determine(
决定)和assess(评价、评估某事物的价值，意义或程度)两个不同的概念。

4.B
本题是细节题。文章列举了专利制度所带来的两个好处——发明为消费者带来的好处
，以及专利过期后，商品的低廉价格。但题中问及的是后者，故B为正确答案。

5.A
本题是细节题。文章最后一段是全篇的总结。在此作者肯定了专利制度对经济发展的
重要作用。第一，创造了前所未有的商品、服务和技术。第二，强调对知识产权的保护是经
济发展和进步的源泉。选项B与本题无关；选项C、D概括得不全面。故正确答案为A。

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