2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析
参考答案Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Part A
1 highlands
2 20
3 mild
4 November
5 22
6 A (technology)forecaster
7 government agencies
8 (a)meaningful(exercise)
9 open to change
10 Trust and cooperation
1〖〗〖〗 20 3〖〗 4〖〗 5〖〗 22 Part B
6〖〗 7〖〗 8〖〗 9〖〗 10〖〗
Part C
11.D12.B13.C14.D 15.A16.C17.B18.A19.A20.C
Section ⅡUse of English
21.C22.D23A24D25A26B27C28D29A30B31A32C33D34B35A36B37B38D39A40C
Section ⅢReading Comprehension
41C42A43D44B45C46A47D48C49B50D51D52A53B54A55C56C57A58D59B60C
答案解析
Section ⅠListening Comprehension
听力部分原文
Part A
Belgium has three main geographic regions: the coastal plain, the central plateau and the highlands. The coastal plain extends inlands 16 to 48 kilometers on the northwest. Along the north sea is a lowlying area consisting mainly of sandy hills and sections of lands reclaimed from the sea. The coastal plain' s elevation ranges from sea level to 20 metres.
The central plateau is a gently rolling, slightly elevated area, irrigated by many waterways and containing a number of wide, fertile valleys with a rich soil. The highlands, a densely-wooded plateau, averaging 460 metres in elevation, extends across southeastern Belgium and into northeastern France. Located here is the highest peak in Belgium with an elevation of 694 meters.
The climate near the sea is humid and mild. Farther inland, a marked increase in the range of temperature occurs. In the highlands, hot summers alternate with cold winters. Heavy rains are confined almost exclusively to the highlands. Fog and rain are common, and April and November are particularly rainy months. In Brussels, the average temperatures range from zero to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and from 13 to 22 degrees Centigrade in July. Along the coast, the average range is 1 degree to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and 14 to 20 degrees Centigrade in July.
Part B
W: Mr Saffo, you' ve been called the futurist. But you say you hate that term. Talk about that.
M: Mm... I dislike the term because it' s not an accurate description of what I do. For me, futurists are people who' re excited about the future. They usually have an agenda of some sort. But what I am is something more boring. That is, I just forecast, I don' t predict. I am a technology forecaster. And I spend most of my time looking at electronic technologies. So I' m looking at information technology very largely, and typically out 5 to 10 years, sometimes as long as 30 years, depending on the project.
W: Who pays you to do this? Do you work for companies who need this information?
M: The Institute for the Future is a non-profit foundation that does work for private companies and government agencies. A whole variety of different folks pay us to help them understand things. And we also do free work. Being a non-profit foundation, our basic mission is to encourage people to think systematically about the long-range future. The heart of what we try to do is convince people that it is a meaningful exercise to think systematically about the long-range future.
W: What are the personal qualities that make you good at what you do?
M: Mm, curiosity, er what else? Being flexible. Because forecasting is really nothing more than applied common sense. The same qualities that make for a good forecaster are the same qualities that … make one successful in anything-being flexible, being curious and being open to change.
W: You' ve mentioned that your organization wants to stay small. Why?
M: It has to do with community. Our unit of work is the team and you need to have high levels of trust and cooperation among team members. People need to really like and trust each other.
Part C
(一)
One of the first questions anybody asks about a new-born is "what is the baby' s name?" Faced with this tiny pink new-born, we want to put a name to it, as if by doing so, we welcome it to this world of individuals. We always name the things we love. A small child will give names to even his tiniest toys or his well-chewed blanket. And the difference between "Blankie" and the blanket is an entire personality.
There are many ways to choose a name for a baby. One of the most common is to use an old family name. If the family tie is strong enough, parents are often willing to overlook an unpleasant feeling or meaning. If all the men for five generations have been named Branden, who are you to complain that the name means "smelly hair"? Inspiration need not be limited to the family tree. Pick an attribute, pick the name of an Italian city where the baby was born. Name the baby after your favorite poet or interesting scent.
It can be difficult to find a perfect name for your baby. But the beauty of the process is this. By the time the baby is a few months old, his personality erases all other associations the name may hold, the evil snake or the much loved poet fades away and the name becomes quite simply the name of your child. And you will have made the right choice.
(二)
Bobby Moore was a famous English soccer player who led the England team to victory against West Germany in the 1966 World Cup Final. As a superb defender, Moore played a hundred and eight games for England' s national team from 1962 to 1970 and was captain 90 times. His professional soccer career spans 19 years and 668 matches, a record with no match so far in England. Moore was born in Barking, East London, in 1941. His full name was Robert Frederick Moore. He began playing club soccer in the early 1960s. He was named England' s footballer of the year from 1963 to 1964. Moore was known for his sportsmanship on the field. He was not inclined towards wild celebration of girls. In 1967, he was made a member of the order of the British Empire. More retired from playing in 1977, and after spending brief periods managing professional soccer teams, he concentrated on developing a sports marketing company and doing media work. He was sports editor of Sunday Sport from 1986 to 1990 and a regular commentator for London' s Capital Radio Station from 1990 to 1993. After Moore was diagnosed with cancer, he went public with his battle in 1991 and continued to work until his death in 1993.
(三)
Belfast is the capital of Northern Island and a major city in commerce and industry. It is one of the most important ship-building and repairing centers of the United Kingdom, and has long been known for its linen textiles. Its manufactures include aircraft, guided weapons, and tobacco and food products. A large petroleum refinery here is supplied by imported petroleum which is received at the city' s deep-water port. Other imports include grain, coal, chemicals and iron and steel. Among the chief exports are petroleum products, soap, food stuffs and textiles. In Belfast, there are the notable Ulster Museum and the Protestant Cathedral of Saint Anne. As an educational center, the city is home to Queen' s University of Belfast and Belfast College of Technology. Although there' s evidence that people once settled in this place during the stone and bronze Ages, the founding of Belfast dates from 1177 when a Norman castle was erected. Edward Bruce destroyed the settlement in 1315, the year he became the Irish King. The city was taken by the English in the 16th century. In the late 17th century, French refugees arrived here and developed the linen industry. The harbor was improved in the late 18th century and ship-building was begun on a large scale. The city was made the capital of Northern Island 1920. During World War II, Belfast was heavily damaged by German bombing raids. Beginning in 1969, the city was the scene of religious disorder involving civil rights agitation and increased violence.Section Ⅱ Use of English
原文〖〗译文〖〗Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25as a rejection of middle-class values.〖〗很多有关少年犯罪原因的理论，要么把个人当成主要的影响因素，要么把社会当成主要的影响因素。（21）关注个人的理论认为，孩子们的犯罪行为（22）是因为他们先前的错误行为未受到应有的处罚或是因为（23）别人的影响。关注社会作用的理论认为孩子们犯罪是他们对在争取社会经济地位中的失败的（24）反应，（25）或是他们对中产阶级价值观的排斥。〖〗Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28to criticism.〖〗大多数关于少年犯罪的理论都聚焦在贫困弱势家庭，而（26）忽略了富家子弟也会犯罪这一事实。后者的犯罪是（27）因为缺乏父母对他们正确的管教。所有这些理论都是尝试性的，也容易（28）招致批评。〖〗Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.〖〗社会结构的变化可能间接（29）影响少年犯罪率。例如，经济中的变化（30）导致青年就业机会的减少和失业的上升，（31）通常情况下，这又使获得有利可图的工作变得越来越困难。这种不满情绪（32）最终导致更多的青年走向犯罪。〖〗Families have also33changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.〖〗这些年来，家庭也（33）经历了一些变化。更多的单亲家庭和双职工家庭出现了。（34）结果是（35）比起在传统的家庭（36）结构中孩子们受到的监督变少了。其它可以（37）查明的犯罪行为的原因有：在学校的挫折和失败，毒品和酒更为容易（38）获得，虐待和忽视孩子的（39）情形的增长。（40）虽然直接导致少年犯罪的原因尚未确定，但以上所谈到的因素会增加少年犯罪的可能性。
21.［A］ acting［B］ relying［C］centering［D］ commenting
22.［A］ before［B］ unless［C］until［D］ because
23.［A］ interaction［B］ assimilation［C］cooperation［D］ consultation
24.［A］ return［B］ reply［C］reference［D］ response
25.［A］ or［B］ but rather［C］but［D］ or else
26.［A］ considering［B］ ignoring［C］highlighting［D］ discarding
27.［A］ on［B］ in［C］for［D］ with
28.［A］ immune［B］ resistant［C］sensitive［D］ subject
29.［A］ affect［B］ reduce［C］check［D］ reflect
30.［A］ point［B］ lead［C］come［D］ amount
31.［A］ in general［B］ on average［C］by contrast［D］ at length
32.［A］ case［B］ short［C］turn［D］ essence
33.［A］ survived［B］ noticed［C］undertaken［D］ experienced
34.［A］ contrarily［B］ consequently［C］similarly［D］ simultaneously
35.［A］ than［B］ that［C］which［D］ as
36.［A］ system［B］ structure［C］concept［D］ heritage
37.［A］ assessable［B］ identifiable［C］negligible［D］ incredible
38.［A］ expense［B］ restriction［C］allocation［D］ availability
39.［A］ incidence［B］ awareness［C］exposure［D］ popularity
40.［A］ provided［B］ since［C］although［D］ supposing
21.［答案］C
［考点］动词短语
［注释&解析］［A］act on是指“对…有影响、有作用”；［B］ rely on 是指“依靠”；［D］comment意思是“评论，发表意见”。只有［C］项center on可以表示“围绕，关注，把…当成重点、中心、主题”的意思，与上下文相契合。
22.［答案］D
［考点］连词
［注释&解析］参见译文。［A］before“在……以前”;［B］unless“除非”;［C］until“直到”。这几项都与上下文句意格格不入。
23.［答案］A
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见译文。“与别人的导致他们的犯罪行为”。［B］assimilation“消化，吸收”，与［D］consultation“询问”，均不与介词with连用，故只有［A］interactions“相互作用，相互影响”，与［C］cooperation“合作”，可与with连用。interaction不但有“相互协作、合作”的意思，还有“影响、作用”的意思，孩子们犯罪是因为一起生活时的影响，而不会仅仅是相处时的友好合作。
24.［答案］D
［考点］介词短语
［注释&解析］少有in return to 或in reference to这样的用法，故［A］return与［C］reference当排除在外。in reply to 与in response to 都是“对…反应，回应”的意思，只是in reply to 这一词组中，进行回应者的主观性、主动性更强些，而in response to 则稍显客观些。
25.［答案］A
［考点］上下文逻辑关系
［注释&解析］参见译文，可知所考查的连接词前后是并列成分，并没有转折的含义，故当选［A］。
26.［答案］B
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］“Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.”后半句是伴随状语从句。［A］considering“考虑”；［C］highlighting“强调”，这两项都与句意不符合。［D］discarding“抛弃”，这些理论是没有注意到状语从句中所表述的事实，而不是有意舍弃这些事实，故此题选［B］ignoring。
27.［答案］C
［考点］介词短语
［注释&解析］参见译文。连接词后边的部分明显是所犯罪的原因，而只有for于此可以表示原因，故当选［C］。
28.［答案］D
［考点］形容词短语
［注释&解析］参见译文。［C］be sentitive to criticism“对批评很敏感”，与上下文意有偏离；而［B］be resistant to “对批评有抵抗力”；［A］be immune to “对批评有免疫力”都与上下文意相悖。故只有［D］be subject to criticism符合文意。词组be subject to sth.:often having, suffering or undergoing sth.;liable to sth. 常有、常患或常遭遇某事物；倾向某物。
29.［答案］A
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］“Changes in social structure may indirectlyjuvenile crime rates.”(社会结构中的变化会间接影响少年犯罪率。)
30.［答案］B
［考点］动词短语
［注释&解析］参见译文。［A］point to “指向”；［B］ lead to“引向；导致”；［C］come to“到达”；［D］amount to“ (累计)达到”。
31.［答案］A
［考点］介词短语
［注释&解析］参见30题解析译文。［A］in general“通常”；［B］on average“平均”；［C］by contrast“相比，相对，相反”；［D］at length “最后”。
32.［答案］C
［考点］介词短语
［注释&解析］参见译文。这一句承接前面两句，是递进关系。［A］in case 不是一个完整的词组；［B］in short“总之”；［D］in essence“本质上”，都不合题意。只有［C］in turn“依次；逐个”，最适合上下文。
33.［答案］D
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见译文。［C］undertaken 表示从事，与句意相去甚远。［B］noticed“留心，看到”，此处若改noticed为 saw,还说得过去，因为see可以表示经历或进行某事。This coat of mine has seen hard wear.我这件大衣穿了很久了。see作experience/undergo解释。［A］survive： continue to live or exist in spite of nearly being killed or destroyed by sth.幸存，这里若用survive changes，则意思是家庭虽经历了社会的变化而自身依然如故，正好与文意相反。
34.［答案］B
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见译文。根据文意，可知空格前后是因果关系。［A］contrarily“相反地”；［B］consequently“结果”；［C］similarly“相似地”；［D］simultaneously“ 同时地”，只有［B］可以表示因果。
35.［答案］A
［考点］句法知识
［注释&解析］参见34题，less…than是固定的搭配。
36.［答案］B
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见34题。［D］family heritage“家庭遗传”；［C］family concept“家庭观念”很容易排除这两项。只有［A］system“家庭系统”，干扰性最强，但也少有这种表述，而用family structure则更为合适。
37.［答案］B
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见译文。［A］assessable“可估测的”；［C］negligible“不值得考虑的”；［D］incredible“不可信的”，皆与文意相差太远。
38.［答案］D
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见37题。［A］expense“ 花销”，［B］restriction “限制”，［C］allocation “分配”，［D］availability“可用，可得”。［A］项差强人意，但若选［D］项，不仅语法畅顺，而且在文意上更合情理。
39.［答案］A
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］［B］awareness与［C］exposure 都很容易排除。［D］popularity也可以表示“普遍性”，但又含有“受人欢迎”的意思。较popularity 而言，prevalence则中性了一些，但选项中没有prevalence。［A］incidence 指“发生率；影响范围”，与prevalence接近，故选［A］。
40.［答案］C
［考点］句法知识
［注释&解析］文中最后一句空格后有“…has not yet…”中就可以知道空格处的连接词应当表示转折，而只有［C］although“尽管”有转折意义，［A］［B］［D］三项都不合适。
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Passage 1
词汇注释
1.stumble across偶然发现
2.interactivea.互动的
3.intellectual property知识产权
4.tip service提示
5.negotiatev.协商
译文〖〗解读〖〗去年年底，甘特·莱得门律师到处求职时，（41）在互联网上的工作职位库“打造事业”中搜索一气，他没有成功地找到工作，但却被这个网站的“个人搜索代理”吸引住了。这种服务是互动的，人们可以键入诸如地点、职位和薪金的求职标准，等到资料库里有了合适的工作职位时，系统就会发电子邮件给他们。莱得门选择了法律、知识产权和哥伦比亚特区华盛顿这些关键词。三周后，他收到了第一份通知，“我可找到金矿了，”莱得门说，他用电子邮件把自己的简历发给了那位老板，由此得到了该公司的内部的辩护律师职务。〖〗本文是一篇有关在互联网上求职的小品文。
第一段主要说明了莱得门在互联网上成功求职的经历。〖〗互联网上有成千上万个与找工作有关的网站，碰到一个有前途的机会需要花很多时间，而且往往效率不高，搜索代理使人不必反复访问资料库。但是虽然有一个搜索代理帮了莱得门的忙，求职专家们还是注意到了一些缺点。例如，将自己的工作标准范围定得很窄，反而对你产生不利影响，“每回答一个问题，你就失去了一个做另外一种工作的机会，”一个专家说。〖〗第二段指出“个人搜索代理”的优缺点。〖〗对于任何求职者来说你应该从一个狭窄的范围开始——你认为你想干的工作——作为出发点，然后拓宽它。“这些电脑程序中没有一个是这么设计的，”另一个专家说。（42）“整个体系中没有任何就业咨询的成分在里面”。因此，最有效的办法就是将这个代理看作是一种提示器，使你手头总是有几个工作机会；收到电子邮件的时候，（43）就当它是提醒你再去资料库里看一看。”我不会指望代理功能帮我找到资料库中所有吸引我的东西，”一个求职指南的作者说。〖〗第三段的内容主要是写有关专家对求职代理这一服务的建议。〖〗（44）有的网站尽力设计自己的代理系统，以吸引求职者回来。例如，事业网站的代理系统给登记过的人发的邮件中只包含三种可能的工作职位——它所认为最好的三个。资料库中或许还有更多；求职者只得回到网站中才能看到它们——而他们也确实是这么做了。“我们发出邮件的第二天，网站上的流量就会急剧增加”，事业网站的市场部副经理塞斯皮资说。〖〗最后两段说明了“个人搜索代理”的发展和进步意义。〖〗即使是那些并不需要找工作的人也觉得搜索代理很有价值。有些人通过它们密切关注着市场对自己这个职业的需求，或者搜集有关信息，好在和老板谈判加薪的时候有些底气。（45）莱得门虽然工作得很开心，但他仍保留着在“打造事业”网站的搜索代理。“这样你就知道外面的一切，”他说。有一个个人搜索代理就等于有另外一双眼睛帮你留心外面的世界。〖〗
41.［精译问题］瑞得曼是怎样找到工作的？
［A］在一个职业资料库中搜寻职位空缺。
［B］通过在一个资料库中张贴合适的职位。
［C］利用数据库中的特殊服务。
［D］通过电邮他的履历到一个数据库。
［答案］C
［考点］细节题
［注释&解析］此题答案可以从第一段中找出，并且这一篇文章通篇都在讲personal search agent这项服务。［A］By searching openings in a job database太笼统。［D］By E-mailing his resume to a database太具体。［B］By posting a matching position in a database,这不是Redmon 而是database 或者employer所做的。
42.［精译问题］下面哪项可能是求职代理人的不利条件？
［A］缺乏建议［B］访问者数量有限
［C］更低的效率［D］更少的成功的合适工作
［答案］A
［考点］细节题
［注释&解析］第二段最后一句话，Narrowing your criteria…放窄标准会对找工作不利。第三段第一句，For any job search…在找工作时，一般是从较狭窄的意向开始，即你要干什么，然后再放宽一些，但有位专业人士说，“None of these programes do that”,"there' s no career counseling implicit in all of this."
43.［精译问题］短语“tip service”（第三段第三行）最可能的意思是
［A］忠告［B］补贴［C］互相作用［D］提示
［答案］D
［考点］词义题
［注释&解析］此题只有［A］最具干扰性，因为tip有advice 的意思，但这里的tip service不可以作advisoty service，因为advisory service与counseling是没有本质区别的，选［A］便与42题矛盾。另外，下文及第四段便是对此的说明。
44.［精译问题］为什么CareerSite的代理人只给每名求职者提供三种工作选择？
［A］为了关注更合适的工作。［B］为了吸引更多的人回访。
［C］为了给更多的信息保留空间。［D］为了提高成功率。
［答案］B
［考点］细节题
［注释&解析］根据43题，既然tip service 起reminder的作用，“reminder to check the database again.”(第三段第四行)，那么［B］To attract more returning visits便是唯一符合题目的答案，第四段“There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them——and they do”,是进一步的具体说明。
45.［精译问题］根据本文的观点，下面哪项正确？
［A］对于求职者来说，个人求职代理人必不可少。
［B］一些网站不停地给求职者发电子邮件以便满足他们的要求。
［C］对于已经找到工作的人来说，个人求职代理人也有帮助。
［D］一旦人们找到工作，一些求职代理人就会停止给他们发送信息。
［答案］C
［考点］细节题
［注释&解析］并非所有人都通过网络求职，所以［A］Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters 是不正确的表述。最后一段第二句，Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work…错选［B］项的同学一定是没有读清楚这一句话。Although happily employed, Redmon maitnain his agent at Career Builder.由此可知选［C］。2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析
参考答案Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Part A
1 highlands
2 20
3 mild
4 November
5 22
6 A (technology)forecaster
7 government agencies
8 (a)meaningful(exercise)
9 open to change
10 Trust and cooperation
1〖〗〖〗 20 3〖〗 4〖〗 5〖〗 22 Part B
6〖〗 7〖〗 8〖〗 9〖〗 10〖〗
Part C
11.D12.B13.C14.D 15.A16.C17.B18.A19.A20.C
Section ⅡUse of English
21.C22.D23A24D25A26B27C28D29A30B31A32C33D34B35A36B37B38D39A40C
Section ⅢReading Comprehension
41C42A43D44B45C46A47D48C49B50D51D52A53B54A55C56C57A58D59B60C
答案解析
Section ⅠListening Comprehension
听力部分原文
Part A
Belgium has three main geographic regions: the coastal plain, the central plateau and the highlands. The coastal plain extends inlands 16 to 48 kilometers on the northwest. Along the north sea is a lowlying area consisting mainly of sandy hills and sections of lands reclaimed from the sea. The coastal plain' s elevation ranges from sea level to 20 metres.
The central plateau is a gently rolling, slightly elevated area, irrigated by many waterways and containing a number of wide, fertile valleys with a rich soil. The highlands, a densely-wooded plateau, averaging 460 metres in elevation, extends across southeastern Belgium and into northeastern France. Located here is the highest peak in Belgium with an elevation of 694 meters.
The climate near the sea is humid and mild. Farther inland, a marked increase in the range of temperature occurs. In the highlands, hot summers alternate with cold winters. Heavy rains are confined almost exclusively to the highlands. Fog and rain are common, and April and November are particularly rainy months. In Brussels, the average temperatures range from zero to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and from 13 to 22 degrees Centigrade in July. Along the coast, the average range is 1 degree to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and 14 to 20 degrees Centigrade in July.
Part B
W: Mr Saffo, you' ve been called the futurist. But you say you hate that term. Talk about that.
M: Mm... I dislike the term because it' s not an accurate description of what I do. For me, futurists are people who' re excited about the future. They usually have an agenda of some sort. But what I am is something more boring. That is, I just forecast, I don' t predict. I am a technology forecaster. And I spend most of my time looking at electronic technologies. So I' m looking at information technology very largely, and typically out 5 to 10 years, sometimes as long as 30 years, depending on the project.
W: Who pays you to do this? Do you work for companies who need this information?
M: The Institute for the Future is a non-profit foundation that does work for private companies and government agencies. A whole variety of different folks pay us to help them understand things. And we also do free work. Being a non-profit foundation, our basic mission is to encourage people to think systematically about the long-range future. The heart of what we try to do is convince people that it is a meaningful exercise to think systematically about the long-range future.
W: What are the personal qualities that make you good at what you do?
M: Mm, curiosity, er what else? Being flexible. Because forecasting is really nothing more than applied common sense. The same qualities that make for a good forecaster are the same qualities that … make one successful in anything-being flexible, being curious and being open to change.
W: You' ve mentioned that your organization wants to stay small. Why?
M: It has to do with community. Our unit of work is the team and you need to have high levels of trust and cooperation among team members. People need to really like and trust each other.
Part C
(一)
One of the first questions anybody asks about a new-born is "what is the baby' s name?" Faced with this tiny pink new-born, we want to put a name to it, as if by doing so, we welcome it to this world of individuals. We always name the things we love. A small child will give names to even his tiniest toys or his well-chewed blanket. And the difference between "Blankie" and the blanket is an entire personality.
There are many ways to choose a name for a baby. One of the most common is to use an old family name. If the family tie is strong enough, parents are often willing to overlook an unpleasant feeling or meaning. If all the men for five generations have been named Branden, who are you to complain that the name means "smelly hair"? Inspiration need not be limited to the family tree. Pick an attribute, pick the name of an Italian city where the baby was born. Name the baby after your favorite poet or interesting scent.
It can be difficult to find a perfect name for your baby. But the beauty of the process is this. By the time the baby is a few months old, his personality erases all other associations the name may hold, the evil snake or the much loved poet fades away and the name becomes quite simply the name of your child. And you will have made the right choice.
(二)
Bobby Moore was a famous English soccer player who led the England team to victory against West Germany in the 1966 World Cup Final. As a superb defender, Moore played a hundred and eight games for England' s national team from 1962 to 1970 and was captain 90 times. His professional soccer career spans 19 years and 668 matches, a record with no match so far in England. Moore was born in Barking, East London, in 1941. His full name was Robert Frederick Moore. He began playing club soccer in the early 1960s. He was named England' s footballer of the year from 1963 to 1964. Moore was known for his sportsmanship on the field. He was not inclined towards wild celebration of girls. In 1967, he was made a member of the order of the British Empire. More retired from playing in 1977, and after spending brief periods managing professional soccer teams, he concentrated on developing a sports marketing company and doing media work. He was sports editor of Sunday Sport from 1986 to 1990 and a regular commentator for London' s Capital Radio Station from 1990 to 1993. After Moore was diagnosed with cancer, he went public with his battle in 1991 and continued to work until his death in 1993.
(三)
Belfast is the capital of Northern Island and a major city in commerce and industry. It is one of the most important ship-building and repairing centers of the United Kingdom, and has long been known for its linen textiles. Its manufactures include aircraft, guided weapons, and tobacco and food products. A large petroleum refinery here is supplied by imported petroleum which is received at the city' s deep-water port. Other imports include grain, coal, chemicals and iron and steel. Among the chief exports are petroleum products, soap, food stuffs and textiles. In Belfast, there are the notable Ulster Museum and the Protestant Cathedral of Saint Anne. As an educational center, the city is home to Queen' s University of Belfast and Belfast College of Technology. Although there' s evidence that people once settled in this place during the stone and bronze Ages, the founding of Belfast dates from 1177 when a Norman castle was erected. Edward Bruce destroyed the settlement in 1315, the year he became the Irish King. The city was taken by the English in the 16th century. In the late 17th century, French refugees arrived here and developed the linen industry. The harbor was improved in the late 18th century and ship-building was begun on a large scale. The city was made the capital of Northern Island 1920. During World War II, Belfast was heavily damaged by German bombing raids. Beginning in 1969, the city was the scene of religious disorder involving civil rights agitation and increased violence.Section Ⅱ Use of English
原文〖〗译文〖〗Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25as a rejection of middle-class values.〖〗很多有关少年犯罪原因的理论，要么把个人当成主要的影响因素，要么把社会当成主要的影响因素。（21）关注个人的理论认为，孩子们的犯罪行为（22）是因为他们先前的错误行为未受到应有的处罚或是因为（23）别人的影响。关注社会作用的理论认为孩子们犯罪是他们对在争取社会经济地位中的失败的（24）反应，（25）或是他们对中产阶级价值观的排斥。〖〗Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28to criticism.〖〗大多数关于少年犯罪的理论都聚焦在贫困弱势家庭，而（26）忽略了富家子弟也会犯罪这一事实。后者的犯罪是（27）因为缺乏父母对他们正确的管教。所有这些理论都是尝试性的，也容易（28）招致批评。〖〗Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.〖〗社会结构的变化可能间接（29）影响少年犯罪率。例如，经济中的变化（30）导致青年就业机会的减少和失业的上升，（31）通常情况下，这又使获得有利可图的工作变得越来越困难。这种不满情绪（32）最终导致更多的青年走向犯罪。〖〗Families have also33changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.〖〗这些年来，家庭也（33）经历了一些变化。更多的单亲家庭和双职工家庭出现了。（34）结果是（35）比起在传统的家庭（36）结构中孩子们受到的监督变少了。其它可以（37）查明的犯罪行为的原因有：在学校的挫折和失败，毒品和酒更为容易（38）获得，虐待和忽视孩子的（39）情形的增长。（40）虽然直接导致少年犯罪的原因尚未确定，但以上所谈到的因素会增加少年犯罪的可能性。
21.［A］ acting［B］ relying［C］centering［D］ commenting
22.［A］ before［B］ unless［C］until［D］ because
23.［A］ interaction［B］ assimilation［C］cooperation［D］ consultation
24.［A］ return［B］ reply［C］reference［D］ response
25.［A］ or［B］ but rather［C］but［D］ or else
26.［A］ considering［B］ ignoring［C］highlighting［D］ discarding
27.［A］ on［B］ in［C］for［D］ with
28.［A］ immune［B］ resistant［C］sensitive［D］ subject
29.［A］ affect［B］ reduce［C］check［D］ reflect
30.［A］ point［B］ lead［C］come［D］ amount
31.［A］ in general［B］ on average［C］by contrast［D］ at length
32.［A］ case［B］ short［C］turn［D］ essence
33.［A］ survived［B］ noticed［C］undertaken［D］ experienced
34.［A］ contrarily［B］ consequently［C］similarly［D］ simultaneously
35.［A］ than［B］ that［C］which［D］ as
36.［A］ system［B］ structure［C］concept［D］ heritage
37.［A］ assessable［B］ identifiable［C］negligible［D］ incredible
38.［A］ expense［B］ restriction［C］allocation［D］ availability
39.［A］ incidence［B］ awareness［C］exposure［D］ popularity
40.［A］ provided［B］ since［C］although［D］ supposing
21.［答案］C
［考点］动词短语
［注释&解析］［A］act on是指“对…有影响、有作用”；［B］ rely on 是指“依靠”；［D］comment意思是“评论，发表意见”。只有［C］项center on可以表示“围绕，关注，把…当成重点、中心、主题”的意思，与上下文相契合。
22.［答案］D
［考点］连词
［注释&解析］参见译文。［A］before“在……以前”;［B］unless“除非”;［C］until“直到”。这几项都与上下文句意格格不入。
23.［答案］A
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见译文。“与别人的导致他们的犯罪行为”。［B］assimilation“消化，吸收”，与［D］consultation“询问”，均不与介词with连用，故只有［A］interactions“相互作用，相互影响”，与［C］cooperation“合作”，可与with连用。interaction不但有“相互协作、合作”的意思，还有“影响、作用”的意思，孩子们犯罪是因为一起生活时的影响，而不会仅仅是相处时的友好合作。
24.［答案］D
［考点］介词短语
［注释&解析］少有in return to 或in reference to这样的用法，故［A］return与［C］reference当排除在外。in reply to 与in response to 都是“对…反应，回应”的意思，只是in reply to 这一词组中，进行回应者的主观性、主动性更强些，而in response to 则稍显客观些。
25.［答案］A
［考点］上下文逻辑关系
［注释&解析］参见译文，可知所考查的连接词前后是并列成分，并没有转折的含义，故当选［A］。
26.［答案］B
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］“Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.”后半句是伴随状语从句。［A］considering“考虑”；［C］highlighting“强调”，这两项都与句意不符合。［D］discarding“抛弃”，这些理论是没有注意到状语从句中所表述的事实，而不是有意舍弃这些事实，故此题选［B］ignoring。
27.［答案］C
［考点］介词短语
［注释&解析］参见译文。连接词后边的部分明显是所犯罪的原因，而只有for于此可以表示原因，故当选［C］。
28.［答案］D
［考点］形容词短语
［注释&解析］参见译文。［C］be sentitive to criticism“对批评很敏感”，与上下文意有偏离；而［B］be resistant to “对批评有抵抗力”；［A］be immune to “对批评有免疫力”都与上下文意相悖。故只有［D］be subject to criticism符合文意。词组be subject to sth.:often having, suffering or undergoing sth.;liable to sth. 常有、常患或常遭遇某事物；倾向某物。
29.［答案］A
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］“Changes in social structure may indirectlyjuvenile crime rates.”(社会结构中的变化会间接影响少年犯罪率。)
30.［答案］B
［考点］动词短语
［注释&解析］参见译文。［A］point to “指向”；［B］ lead to“引向；导致”；［C］come to“到达”；［D］amount to“ (累计)达到”。
31.［答案］A
［考点］介词短语
［注释&解析］参见30题解析译文。［A］in general“通常”；［B］on average“平均”；［C］by contrast“相比，相对，相反”；［D］at length “最后”。
32.［答案］C
［考点］介词短语
［注释&解析］参见译文。这一句承接前面两句，是递进关系。［A］in case 不是一个完整的词组；［B］in short“总之”；［D］in essence“本质上”，都不合题意。只有［C］in turn“依次；逐个”，最适合上下文。
33.［答案］D
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见译文。［C］undertaken 表示从事，与句意相去甚远。［B］noticed“留心，看到”，此处若改noticed为 saw,还说得过去，因为see可以表示经历或进行某事。This coat of mine has seen hard wear.我这件大衣穿了很久了。see作experience/undergo解释。［A］survive： continue to live or exist in spite of nearly being killed or destroyed by sth.幸存，这里若用survive changes，则意思是家庭虽经历了社会的变化而自身依然如故，正好与文意相反。
34.［答案］B
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见译文。根据文意，可知空格前后是因果关系。［A］contrarily“相反地”；［B］consequently“结果”；［C］similarly“相似地”；［D］simultaneously“ 同时地”，只有［B］可以表示因果。
35.［答案］A
［考点］句法知识
［注释&解析］参见34题，less…than是固定的搭配。
36.［答案］B
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见34题。［D］family heritage“家庭遗传”；［C］family concept“家庭观念”很容易排除这两项。只有［A］system“家庭系统”，干扰性最强，但也少有这种表述，而用family structure则更为合适。
37.［答案］B
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见译文。［A］assessable“可估测的”；［C］negligible“不值得考虑的”；［D］incredible“不可信的”，皆与文意相差太远。
38.［答案］D
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］参见37题。［A］expense“ 花销”，［B］restriction “限制”，［C］allocation “分配”，［D］availability“可用，可得”。［A］项差强人意，但若选［D］项，不仅语法畅顺，而且在文意上更合情理。
39.［答案］A
［考点］词汇辨析
［注释&解析］［B］awareness与［C］exposure 都很容易排除。［D］popularity也可以表示“普遍性”，但又含有“受人欢迎”的意思。较popularity 而言，prevalence则中性了一些，但选项中没有prevalence。［A］incidence 指“发生率；影响范围”，与prevalence接近，故选［A］。
40.［答案］C
［考点］句法知识
［注释&解析］文中最后一句空格后有“…has not yet…”中就可以知道空格处的连接词应当表示转折，而只有［C］although“尽管”有转折意义，［A］［B］［D］三项都不合适。
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Passage 1
词汇注释
1.stumble across偶然发现
2.interactivea.互动的
3.intellectual property知识产权
4.tip service提示
5.negotiatev.协商
译文〖〗解读〖〗去年年底，甘特·莱得门律师到处求职时，（41）在互联网上的工作职位库“打造事业”中搜索一气，他没有成功地找到工作，但却被这个网站的“个人搜索代理”吸引住了。这种服务是互动的，人们可以键入诸如地点、职位和薪金的求职标准，等到资料库里有了合适的工作职位时，系统就会发电子邮件给他们。莱得门选择了法律、知识产权和哥伦比亚特区华盛顿这些关键词。三周后，他收到了第一份通知，“我可找到金矿了，”莱得门说，他用电子邮件把自己的简历发给了那位老板，由此得到了该公司的内部的辩护律师职务。〖〗本文是一篇有关在互联网上求职的小品文。
第一段主要说明了莱得门在互联网上成功求职的经历。〖〗互联网上有成千上万个与找工作有关的网站，碰到一个有前途的机会需要花很多时间，而且往往效率不高，搜索代理使人不必反复访问资料库。但是虽然有一个搜索代理帮了莱得门的忙，求职专家们还是注意到了一些缺点。例如，将自己的工作标准范围定得很窄，反而对你产生不利影响，“每回答一个问题，你就失去了一个做另外一种工作的机会，”一个专家说。〖〗第二段指出“个人搜索代理”的优缺点。〖〗对于任何求职者来说你应该从一个狭窄的范围开始——你认为你想干的工作——作为出发点，然后拓宽它。“这些电脑程序中没有一个是这么设计的，”另一个专家说。（42）“整个体系中没有任何就业咨询的成分在里面”。因此，最有效的办法就是将这个代理看作是一种提示器，使你手头总是有几个工作机会；收到电子邮件的时候，（43）就当它是提醒你再去资料库里看一看。”我不会指望代理功能帮我找到资料库中所有吸引我的东西，”一个求职指南的作者说。〖〗第三段的内容主要是写有关专家对求职代理这一服务的建议。〖〗（44）有的网站尽力设计自己的代理系统，以吸引求职者回来。例如，事业网站的代理系统给登记过的人发的邮件中只包含三种可能的工作职位——它所认为最好的三个。资料库中或许还有更多；求职者只得回到网站中才能看到它们——而他们也确实是这么做了。“我们发出邮件的第二天，网站上的流量就会急剧增加”，事业网站的市场部副经理塞斯皮资说。〖〗最后两段说明了“个人搜索代理”的发展和进步意义。〖〗即使是那些并不需要找工作的人也觉得搜索代理很有价值。有些人通过它们密切关注着市场对自己这个职业的需求，或者搜集有关信息，好在和老板谈判加薪的时候有些底气。（45）莱得门虽然工作得很开心，但他仍保留着在“打造事业”网站的搜索代理。“这样你就知道外面的一切，”他说。有一个个人搜索代理就等于有另外一双眼睛帮你留心外面的世界。〖〗
41.［精译问题］瑞得曼是怎样找到工作的？
［A］在一个职业资料库中搜寻职位空缺。
［B］通过在一个资料库中张贴合适的职位。
［C］利用数据库中的特殊服务。
［D］通过电邮他的履历到一个数据库。
［答案］C
［考点］细节题
［注释&解析］此题答案可以从第一段中找出，并且这一篇文章通篇都在讲personal search agent这项服务。［A］By searching openings in a job database太笼统。［D］By E-mailing his resume to a database太具体。［B］By posting a matching position in a database,这不是Redmon 而是database 或者employer所做的。
42.［精译问题］下面哪项可能是求职代理人的不利条件？
［A］缺乏建议［B］访问者数量有限
［C］更低的效率［D］更少的成功的合适工作
［答案］A
［考点］细节题
［注释&解析］第二段最后一句话，Narrowing your criteria…放窄标准会对找工作不利。第三段第一句，For any job search…在找工作时，一般是从较狭窄的意向开始，即你要干什么，然后再放宽一些，但有位专业人士说，“None of these programes do that”,"there' s no career counseling implicit in all of this."
43.［精译问题］短语“tip service”（第三段第三行）最可能的意思是
［A］忠告［B］补贴［C］互相作用［D］提示
［答案］D
［考点］词义题
［注释&解析］此题只有［A］最具干扰性，因为tip有advice 的意思，但这里的tip service不可以作advisoty service，因为advisory service与counseling是没有本质区别的，选［A］便与42题矛盾。另外，下文及第四段便是对此的说明。
44.［精译问题］为什么CareerSite的代理人只给每名求职者提供三种工作选择？
［A］为了关注更合适的工作。［B］为了吸引更多的人回访。
［C］为了给更多的信息保留空间。［D］为了提高成功率。
［答案］B
［考点］细节题
［注释&解析］根据43题，既然tip service 起reminder的作用，“reminder to check the database again.”(第三段第四行)，那么［B］To attract more returning visits便是唯一符合题目的答案，第四段“There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them——and they do”,是进一步的具体说明。
45.［精译问题］根据本文的观点，下面哪项正确？
［A］对于求职者来说，个人求职代理人必不可少。
［B］一些网站不停地给求职者发电子邮件以便满足他们的要求。
［C］对于已经找到工作的人来说，个人求职代理人也有帮助。
［D］一旦人们找到工作，一些求职代理人就会停止给他们发送信息。
［答案］C
［考点］细节题
［注释&解析］并非所有人都通过网络求职，所以［A］Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters 是不正确的表述。最后一段第二句，Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work…错选［B］项的同学一定是没有读清楚这一句话。Although happily employed, Redmon maitnain his agent at Career Builder.由此可知选［C］。
