这一题型主要考查考生区分论点、论据，把握论点、论据一致性的能力。要求考生根据文章的内容，理解各个论点/观点的重点和含义，从多个选项中找到能支持相应论点的论据。
一、解题技巧
①收缩寻找范围：首先看清楚第一组例句问题和最后一道问题，之后找到两者所提问的内容在文中的位置，然后你会发现通常整组问题的答案都在此之间。
②注意文字或句子的形式变化，要特别注意：同义、相同的词或词组和反义、有很大差异的词或词组。
③留意数字：数字的位置是最容易找的，如果问题提及过，用寻找关键字的方法就能找到答案。注意，数字有时候也可用英语表达出来。
二、解题方法
①仔细阅读六个试题选项，正确理解每个选项的意思。对于谈论相似主体的选项，需区别内容的相同处和不同处，并牢记体现不同处的关键词。
②快速浏览短文，依靠标题迅速抓住每篇短文的主题。浏览过程中若发现答题所需的具体信息，在词语或句子下面划线并标上所答的题号，以初步敲定。对那些暂时无法肯定的可暂且放置一边，留待第二次阅读时解决。
③第二次阅读短文时必须有针对性，主要为了解决两个问题：一是仔细检查已初步认定的内容与单句是否匹配；二是找到第一遍浏览时尚未找到的信息。
④为确保准确无误，若有时间可再次将选项与从短文中已选择的内容进行比较，检查有无谬误或疏漏之处。
三、注意事项
实际操作过程中，考生需注意以下几个问题：
①在做题过程中要把握好时间，防止前松后紧。
②阅读时要始终目的明确，凡是与问题部分无关的内容可以暂时略去不看，以免耗费宝贵的时间和精力。
③在快速浏览短文时，要特别注意所给的标题与黑体字。
Sample Three
Directions:
You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing,followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading(1—5).There is one extra example which you do not need to use .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)
一
The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you interview . There are two kinds .One is the familiar “tombstone” that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order .The other is what I call the “functional” resume—descriptive, fun to read ,unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview .
It’s handy to have a “tombstone” for certain occasions .But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested “tombstone” lists ,preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead .
What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read—a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers .
(1)Put yourself first:
In order to write a resume other will read with enthusiasm ,you have to feel important about yourself.
(2)Sell what you can do,not who you are :
Practice translating your personality traits ,character ,accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work .
Toot your own horn!
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities ,some think they have none at all !But everyone does ,and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch—if only you show it .
(3)Be specific,be concrete ,and be brief!
Remember that “brevity is the best policy.”
(4)Turn bad news into good :
Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours ,look for the positive side.
(5)Never apologize :
If you’re returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent ,simply write a short paragraph (summary of background ) in place of a chronology of experience .Don’t apologize for working at being a mother; it’s the hardest job of all .If you have no special training or higher education ,just don’t mention education.
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself .Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive ,and simply write down every accomplishment in your life ,on or off the job ,that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means .Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list ,you will come closer to the meaning :identifying your marketable skills .Once you discover patterns ,give names to your cluster of accomplishments ,(leadership skills ,budget management skills ,child development skills） Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered .It may take four drafts or more ,and several weeks ,before you’re ready to show it to a stranger (friends are usually too kind )for a reaction.When you’re satisfied ,send it to a printer; a printed resume is rare superior to photocopies .It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work ,worth doing right.
Isn’t that the kind of person you’d want working for you?
［A］A woman who lost her job as a teacher’s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote :“ principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher’s aide they would rehire if government funds became available.”
［B］One resume I received included the following :“Invited by my superior to straighten out our organization’s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule ,reconciled accounts weekly ,and improved cash flow 100 per cent .Rewarded with raise and promotion.”Notice how this woman focuses on results ,specifies how she accomplished them ,and mentions her reward—all in 34 words.
［C］For example ,if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.
［D］An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement “Ready to learn though not so well educated”.
［E］One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote three resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.
［F］A woman once told me about a cashflow crisis her employer had faced .She’d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved .Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus .I asked why that marvelous story wasn’t in her resume .She answered ,“It wasn’t important .”What she was really saying of course was “I’m not important.”
答案及解析
1.F。Put yourself first意为把自己放在第一位。在本文中的意思是“要想让自己的简历使读的人充满热情，那么你首先就要觉得自己是个人物”。［F］就论证了这个观点。作者举例说明，不要认为自己做过的事情不值一提，如果连你都看不起自己，那么别人又怎么会看重你呢？
2.C。Sell what you can do, not who you are重要的是你能做什么，而不是你是谁。下文则详细说明“要学会把自己的个性和成就诠释成具体的技能，世界上有至少5000种技能”(你总能找出一种自己拥有的技能)。［C］项“例如，如果你有节约、投资、管理钱财的天份，那么你就拥有理财的能力。”最贴切。
3.B。Be specific, be concrete, and briefly! 言语简洁。［B］项的例子说明了这点，一位女士仅用了34个词就把重点说明白了。
4.A。Turn bad news into good将坏就得消息变成好消息。下文解释道“每个人在工作中总有不尽如人意的地方。如果要提到这些事，那么从积极的角度去看。”［A］项就是一个例子。一个女助教因为政府缩减资金而被解雇。这似乎不大光彩，但是这位女士谈起此事时却说：“校长说了，如果政府的资金够的话，她第一个重聘的就是我”，言语充满了自信。
5.D。Never apologize不要道歉。每个人都有短处，要扬长避短，没有必要为自己的短处羞愧。求职就是要让雇主看到自己的闪光点，个人简历不是进行道歉的地方。［D］项说明了这一点：作者的一位朋友说他求职时遭到了歧视。
中心思想
文章开头介绍了简历的两种形式，指出“功能性”简历的优势，并进一步给出写一份成功的“功能性”简历的几点建议。
译文
简历的主要目的是说服雇主给予一次面试的机会，它通常有两种形式，一种是人们所熟悉的“表格模式”，即按时间顺序列出在哪儿上过学，在哪工作过等；另一种是“功能性”简历——富于描述，幽默风趣，独具一格，这种简历更有可能获得面试机会。
在一定的场合下，获得“表格模式”十分方便，但是，将来的雇主往往扔掉大部分不合要求的“表格模式”列表，他们更喜欢面试灵活的人而不是呆板的。
以下是能够让“功能性”简历得到阅读的书写规则——这种简历会让你在雇主面前变得精神饱满，并让雇主产生兴趣。
把自己放在第一位：要想让自己的简历使读的人充满热情，那么你首先就要觉得自己是个人物。一位女士一次告诉我她的雇主遇到的一次资金周转危机，她同意不带薪为公司工作三个月直到公司状况得到改善。她得到的奖赏是全部薪金再加上20%的分红。我问为什么那么精彩的故事没有写入她的简历。她回答说：“那不重要。”她表达的真正意思是“我不重要”。
重要的是你能做什么，而不是你是谁：要学会把自己的个性和成就诠释成具体的技能，世界上至少有5000种技能。例如，如果你有节约、投资、管理钱财的天份，那么你就拥有理财的能力。
吹响自己的号角！当被问及自己的能力时，许多人就变得抓耳挠腮了。一些人认为他们根本没有能力！事实上每个人都有能力，也许你的那种能力正是某个雇主乐意打孔的那张票呢——只要你自己肯展示它。
准确、具体、简明。记住：简洁是最好的保险单。我收到的一份简历包含下面几句话：“受上司邀请理清企业的可收账单。建立有序的偿还进度表，每周调整账单，改进现金100%流动，得到加薪和提升。”注意，这位女士是怎样集中在结果上，确切说明怎样完成它们，提出她得到的奖赏——所有这些仅用了34 个字。
把坏消息转变为好消息：每个人在工作中总有不尽如人意的地方。如果要提到这些事，那么从积极的角度去看。由于政府资金而失去助教工作的一位女士写到：小学校长说了，如果政府资金够的话，她第一个重聘的就是我。
不要道歉：如果十五年后你作为一名父母又回到了工作岗位，只需简单写一段（背景概要）而不是经验的年代表。不要为作为一个母亲来工作而致歉；这是所有的工作中最艰难的。如果你没有经过特别的培训或没受过高等教育，那就不要提起。一位熟人抱怨失去机会时受到歧视，因为他表述了好学，但教育程度不高。
写简历的秘密在于开始写之前要考虑到自我。空出四至五小时，不必持续不断，简单写下你每次在工作中或工作以外取得的让你感觉有效的业绩。首先不要担心这些意味着什么，研究列表试着找出模式。当你研究列表时，你就会离列表的含义越来越近：确认你受欢迎的技能，一旦你发现模板，就为你的一系列的业绩命名（领导技能，预算管理技能，孩子发展技能等），试着在同一个技能标题下列出至少三项业绩。现在，如果你认为重要的话，就开始写你的简历，当你准备把简历拿给陌生人看并得到意见之前，你应该用几个星期的时间，起草四次或更多次来完成简历，当你感到满意后，就开始打印；打印出的简历远远好于复印品。这向雇主表明你把求职当作一件严肃的工作，值得认真对待。
难道，你不想要这种人为你工作吗？
二
New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime too has been directly involved; the new technology offers its unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, propertyrelated crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage，vandalism，crimes against the individual and financially related crimes.
(1) Theft of data, or data crime.
It has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer program.
(2) To destroy a company’s computer system.
It cripples the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm.
(3) Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase
Political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicate have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders.
(4)Sabotaging the computer of a lifesupport system
Computers are used in hospital lifesupport system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation.
(5) The organized computer crime
The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.
［A］It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.
［B］ An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.
［C］Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defense work suffered more than$2million in damages as a result of a bombing.
［D］Politically related sabotage could bring about a lot of disaster.
［E］Criminals could kill an individual as easily as they and used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could be come hostages. Homicide could take a new form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
［F］With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their record keeping and daily operations，sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.
答案及解析
1. B。 答题线索：上下文一致。从第一段我们可以了解到计算机新技术犯罪的类型。从本段我们可以知道所说的是计算机化的数据犯罪问题。由此，我们可以推断出第一句中心句所说的应该就是关于数据犯罪的问题。所以，我们不难选出该项为正确答案。
2. F。答题线索：段落一致性。从本段我们可以了解到其大意是计算机的破坏给企业所带来的影响。而有些公司则利用这一点来达到其不可告人的目的。通过本段的大意，我们可以看到选项F正好符合题意，为正确答案。
3. C。答题线索：段落一致性。本句这段所举的例子：摧毁一空军基地的计算机设施和大学计算机设施的爆炸，这些都是具有政治目的性的破坏，也就是属于第一段所说的"与政治有关的破坏"。很明显，选项C的意思与其相一致，因此为正确答案。
4. E。答题线索：段落一致性。通读本句的文段内容，我们可以了解到计算机很容易遭到犯罪集团的破坏。也就是说不管是政府的计算机还是私人的计算机系统都很容易遭到计算机罪犯的破坏，换一句话就是说政府和私人的计算机系统都还没有足够的防破坏的能力。通过这样的逻辑分析，我们就可以不难选出E项为正确答案。
5. A。答题线索：上下文一致。纵观全文，我们可以知道整篇文章所说的都是关于计算机技术犯罪的问题。而在最后我们可以推断出作者应该是发表了他对此的观点和看法。从C项我们可以看出作者提出了法制还需健全的观点，对计算机的犯罪我们不应该还停留在用传统的犯罪学来思考问题。因此，选择A为正确答案。
译文
随着计算机技术的出现，产生了新的奇怪的犯罪。有组织的犯罪团伙也直接参与：新技术为犯罪提供了无数的机会：如数据信息犯罪、偷窃服务项目、与财产有关的犯罪、工业破坏、与政治有关的破坏、对文化的破坏、针对个人的犯罪和与金融有关的犯罪等。
偷窃数据或数据犯罪。它已引起有组织的犯罪辛迪加(集团)的兴趣。通常这是偷窃或抄袭珍贵的计算机程序。关于计算机化的数据已有了国际市场，据说在这种迅速扩大的犯罪市场上专业化的电子栅栏起着关键作用。这种盗版程序的买主有公司的竞争对手也有国外竞争对手。
破坏一个公司的计算机系统。该行为的目的是破坏或削弱公司的运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门的竞争能力。计算机的破坏也可能牵扯到富裕的投资者想得到受害公司的企图。由于公司越来越多地依靠计算机进行记录贮存和日常运行，对计算机的破坏会导致内部大浩劫。此后有意得到该公司的集团会以相当低的价格轻而易举地把它买到手。如果这个公司是由有组织的犯罪，操纵和控制的企业的对手，则该犯罪团伙也可能利用破坏。
有政治动机的破坏正在上升。在每个大陆都兴起了政治极端分子集团。复杂的计算机技术用可怕的力量武装了这些集团，而且打开了许多技术先进的国家让他们攻击。为了摧毁一个空军基地的计算机设施，他们已进行了多次尝试。与国家防卫工作有关的一个大学计算机设施由于一次爆炸损失200万美元以上。计算机屡遭破坏的情况已多有记载。一个国会的调查表明；无论是政府还是私人的计算机系统都没有足够的防破坏能力。有组织的犯罪集团已表示他们想与政治集团合作的愿望。调查已发现犯罪集团和外国政府在麻醉剂方面的合作。犯罪集团已多次试图暗杀政治领导人。
破坏生命维持系统的计算机。计算机应用于医院的生命维持系统、实验室以及重大手术。罪犯们会很容易地把这些计算机变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维持系统的计算机，罪犯可以像用枪一样容易杀人。通过操纵计算机，他们可以引导这些恐怖的工具攻击大的城市中心。城市和国家都可能变成人质。谋杀会有一种新形式。计算机可能会成为20世纪的职业杀手。
有组织的计算机犯罪。计算机为国内外有组织地犯罪集团开辟了广阔的犯罪领域。它要求他们集中资源，增强合作力量，因为许多这种犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以处理，特别是那些需要庞大的电子栅栏网络的犯罪。虽然罪犯已适应了计算机技术，但法制还没有。许多人还用传统的犯罪学思考问题。
