|
单元自测模拟题、参考答案及解析之二 |
|
|
|
OKhere.net 你来我网-考研社区 作者: 2005-5-12 12:41:44 双博士 | |
|
单元自测模拟题参考答案及解析 单元自测题三 Passage One 1.答案是 A. 文中第一段,提到玻璃有可能成为减轻关节炎痛苦的来源,美国密歇根大学一些研究者从事该项研究,但玻璃听起来仿佛又有点不大可能作为一种减轻关节炎痛苦的来源(文中unlikely),故可知A正确,B、C不选,D项文中没有涉及。 2.答案是B. 文中第二段,提到这种从mixture发挥作用的方式与caulking gun有点类似,故不选C;三段中提到这种mixture最终变成骨头一样的物质,故B项正确。根据第六段知,D项不正确,A项文中没有提及。 3.答案是 A. 文中inspiration是"灵感,受启发"之意.A、开导启发,B、开始传授知识,C、展示,揭露(秘密的事),D、意识到,显然A最符合。 4.答案是B. A、文中没有说明空心、实心两种玻璃球哪个治疗效果更佳。 B、第七段第一句点明这种微玻璃技术可治愈很多病,故选B。 C、尚未用于治疗psoriasis,故不正确。 D、这种玻璃球只是在7个地点用以治疗,尚未被广泛使用。 5.答案是B. 该题难度较大,本文讲了Glass修补骨头,治疗关节炎的功效。A、B两项对Glass和Arthritis的关系概括过于笼统。D项只讲Glass的新发现,也没有概括全文。只有B最合适。 注释Notes arthritis n.关节炎 vertebra n.椎骨、脊椎(pl)vertebrae inject v.注射,介绍,引进 ailment n.疾病(尤指轻病);小病Passage Two 6. 答案是D. not mentioned 解析:文章开头介绍了几种不同的婚姻形式:monogamy:一夫一妻制;polygyny,一夫多妻制;polyandry:一妻多夫制(Anthropologists commonly distinguish three forms of marriage: monogamy, the marriage of one man to one woman, polygyny, the marriage of one man to two or more women, and polyandry, the marriage of one woman to two or more men.)并未提到群婚制。 7. 答案是D. people are not necessarily married to multiple partners 解析:文章第二段介绍说,尽管很多社会都认可,甚至鼓励多个配偶的婚姻形式,但是这并不意味着在这样的社会中,这样的婚姻形式占据主导地位。因为婚姻形式要受人口比例的局限,因此即使是这样的社会,一夫一妻制也是最常见的婚姻形式。(Though there are many societies which permit, or even encourage, polygamous marriages, it does not follow, in such societies, that every married individual, or even that a majority of them, has more than one spouse. Quite the contrary is true, for in most, if not all, of so-called polygamous societies monogamy is statistically the prevailing form.) 8. 答案是B. one sex greatly outnumbers the other 解析:答案同样在第二段中:即使在不禁止多个配偶的婚姻方式的社会中,这样的婚姻形式只有在人口性别比例极端失调的情况下才大规模地发生。(Accordingly, even where the cultural ideals do not prohibit plural marriages, these may occur on any notable scale only societies where for one reason or another, one sex markedly outnumbers the other.) 9. 答案是C. is much rarer than other marriage forms 解析:文章第三段提到,一妻多夫制相比起一夫多妻制要罕见的多。(Polyandry is much rarer than polygyny.) 10. 答案是A. many people believe that plural marriages denote immorality of other societies 解析:作者在最后一段中总结道,多个配偶的婚姻制度,正如很多其他文化的风俗习惯一样,并不像很多人认为的那样,是不道德的。我们所认可的婚姻形式,即一夫一妻制,并不是每个民族和文化都认可。在很多社会中,一夫一妻制仅仅是一种婚姻制度的可能性,多个配偶的婚姻形式虽然不如前者那么常见,但是也与之共存。(In sum, polygamy is not, as so frequently indicated, universally a result of human immorality. It is simply not true, in this aspect of culture as in many others, that people who follow patterns of culture deemed immoral in our society are thereby lacking in morality. Our ideal and compulsory pattern of marriage, which holds that monogamy is the only appropriate form of marriage, is not shared by all peoples, even by some of those who regularly practice monogamy. In a great many societies, monogamy is only one possible form of marriage, with polygyny or polyandry as perfectly possible, though less frequent, alternatives. )四个选项中,只有A. some people believe that plural marriages denote immorality of other societies(很多人认为多个配偶的婚姻形式意味着社会的不道德),和原文的最后一段意思最接近,因为那正是作者所批判的一种对其他文化所持有的态度。 B. those societies that do not uphold monogamy as the dominant marriage form are immoral是错误的,因为那种态度是作者所批判的对象。C. polygyny or polyandry are possible alternative marriage forms in most societies,大多数社会都接受一夫多妻或者一妻多夫制,不符合文章原意, D. the author lives in a society where plural marriages are socially accepted,作者生活的社会认可一夫多妻或者一妻多夫制,从作者提供的背景来看,是错误的。 注释Notes monogamy n. 一夫一妻制 polygyny n. 一夫多妻 polyandry n. 一妻多夫制 spouse n. 配偶 statistic adj. 统计的 prevailing adj. 占据主导地位的 proportion n. 比例 preponderance n. 优势, 优越 outnumber v. 比……数量多 feasible adj. 可行的 secure v. (本文中作动词)得到 take precedence over 有优先权; 地位上有优势 disproportion n. 不成比例 ratio n. 比率 immorality n. 不道德 compulsory adj. 强迫的, 强制性的, 义务的 alternative n. 可供选择的事物Passage Three 11. 答案是D. bystander intervention 解析:问的是本文主题是什么。本文要点总结如下:无私的行为在社会中实际上很普遍。正因为如此,看客的冷漠就更加让人触目惊心:1964年在纽约市发生了一起谋杀案:一个叫Kitty Genovese的女子凌晨三点下班回家的路上,在被她的惨叫声惊醒的38个邻居的众目睽睽之下被凶手用刀刺死,时间长达半个小时,没有一个人去帮助她,甚至没有人报警。 心理学家设计了一系列试验,来观察旁观者是否主动帮助那些身陷不幸的人。他们发现,身旁是否有其他的旁观者对是否挺身而出帮助困境中的陌生人起很大的作用。如果其他人是漠然处之的态度,那么很可能这个人自己可能也不认为有拔刀相助的必要。而且,其他人的存在,更容易给人“事不关己”的感觉。 同时,人们也不大愿意承担帮助别人有可能带来的风险,因为自己可能成为替罪羊,或者所谓的“困境”也许压根儿就是一场骗局。 作者在最后一段分析了人们幸灾乐祸的心理。实际上有人是希望看到别人倒霉的。作者还举了其他的例子,是一起20世纪60年代发生在New Bedford, Massachusetts的一个酒吧的轮奸案,周围的人不仅围观甚至叫好。还有的人怂恿那些企图跳楼自杀的人快跳。 可见本文讲的主要是决定人们是否帮助处于危难中的陌生人的因素。 12. 答案是B. concern for other’s welfare. 解析:altruism 出现在文章第一句中:Although philosophers and evolutionists may question the roots of altruism, apparent acts of altruism are so prevalent that their absence can be shocking(尽管哲学家和进化论学者或许会质疑利他主义的起源,但是,舍己救人的事情是如此普遍,使得自私自利的行为显得更加令人发指)。后面作者介绍了1964 年Kitty Genovese因为看客的冷漠而被杀害的案件。可见,作者是用它来作为lack of altruism的例子。因此四个选项中最贴切的应该是concern for other’s welfare. 13. 答案是 D. Presence of others. 解析:解答的关键语句在第二段:To understand how a group of law-abiding citizens could fail to help someone who was being murdered, social psychologists designed several experiments to investigate bystander intervention-helping a stranger in distress. Researchers found that the presence of others have a substantial impact on the bystander’s decision-making process.心理学家设计了一系列实验来测试人们是否能在他人危急时刻挺身而出。结论是,周围是否有其他旁观者,是最关键的因素。 14. 答案是 D. both A and C 解析:关键语句在第二段:The presence of others acts not only as an informational source but also as a source of reassurance. 15. 答案是A. has not been sufficiently examined 解析:选A是因为原文最后一段有如下内容:One variable that investigators have not examined in bystander studies is fascination with, or titillation over the suffering of others. 也就是说,在看客心态的研究中,人们幸灾乐祸的心理还没有被学者们透彻地研究过。 注释Notes evolutionist n. 进化论者 altruism n. 无私,利他主义 wield v. 使用,(本文)挥舞 assailant n. 袭击者 law-abiding citizens 遵纪守法的公民 intervention n. 干扰,介入,调停 emergency n. 紧急事件 reassurance n. 安心,放心 diffusion n. 散布,传播,蔓延 take action 采取行动 jeopardize v. 危害,使受危困 turn out to be 结果是,证明是 goat n. (本文)替罪羊 hoax n. 骗局 titillation n. 高兴,快感 vicarious adj. 代理的,替身的 manifest adj. 显然的,明白的 degradation n. 降格,退化,堕落 gang rape 轮奸Passage Four 16. 答案是B. The “Beauty Craze” in Korea 解析:文章虽然没有明确的统领全篇的句子,但是主要讲的是韩国(特别是年轻人中间)的整容热潮。 17. 答案是C. eyes 解析:第二段开头介绍,韩国整容最热的项目是眼睛。(As in the rest of Asia, South Korea’s primary cosmetic obsession is with the eyes.) 18. 答案是A. during the winter vacation 解析:文章第三段开头说,Clinics are busiest during winter vacations, when high school seniors are preparing themselves for college or for entering the workplace.整容诊所最热闹的时候就是寒假。因为那个时候高中生即将毕业上大学或者就业。 19. 答案是B. are knowledgeable about the medical procedures 解析:作者在第三段引用整容医师Lee Min Ku 的话说,“Teenagers are plastic surgery experts. They tell the doctor, using scientific words, which surgery method to use.”来整容的孩子个个好像美容专家,和医生谈论应该用什么方法的时候,用的是专业术语。 20. 答案是B. parents are equally concerned with their children’s study and appearance 解析:文章最后一段说,And with so many young people having themselves remade, parents are afraid their children will fall behind, not just academically but aesthetically. “Parents make their kids get plastic surgery,” says Dr. Shim Hyung Bo, a plastic surgeon practicing in Seoul, “just like they make them study. They realize looks are important for success.”韩国年轻人的父母开始和重视孩子的学习成绩一样,重视孩子的长相,甚至要自己的小孩去做美容手术。 注释Notes upgrade n. 升级, 提升, 改良 drop into 拜访 cosmetic adj. 化妆的, 美容的 obsession n. 痴迷, 沉醉 incision n. 切割, 切入 suture n. 缝合 artificial adj. 人工的 end up 最终 follow suit 仿效, 效仿 Baskin Robbins 源于美国的冰淇淋和酸奶连锁专卖店 foot the bill 付账单 liposuction n. 抽脂肪手术 trash v. (本文)扔掉, 抛掉 aesthetic adj. 美学的, 美的 |
|
|